Why is Italy facing the issue of ageing population

Better healthcare
People were driven by improved hygiene, better medical
care and better nutrition – all things that accompany human progress. It will cause the old people to have longer life span and there will be low birth rate.

Low birth rate
Another reason is that European women have fewer children. In both America and Europe, the post-war baby boom gave way to a bust in the 1970s, and fertility fell below the replacement rate of just over two per woman. Populations age when people live longer and have fewer children. Life expectancy is rising at roughly the same pace in most rich countries—So it is low fertility that explains why Europe's population is ageing faster than America‘s In Italy, it will reach 50 as early as 2025.